EE-Training

Knowledge Makes You Curious

Cu Roughness and Trace Loss Explained (Lee Ritchey video)

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Skin-effect pushes the current to the outer part of any metal conductor, which is why we need to worry about Cu roughness. For copper, as it is used on a printed circuit board (PCB) the effective skin depth goes like this over frequency. With signaling speeds on PCB going to 28 Gbit/s (example: FPGA’s in… Read more

Copper Foil Acronyms for PCB Stackup Design

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Designing a good stackup starts with understanding the materials. And luckily the materials of a PCB are pretty simple. Glass fiber, epoxy, and copper foil, right? Well, if you follow the discussions about losses due to skin effect, dielectric loss, etc. triggered by the constantly higher signaling speeds required, you will know that the devil… Read more

How Laminate and Prepreg is made

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Knowing how laminate/prepreg is manufactured matters. Communication starts with understanding each other. This is why board-level design engineers need to understand how PCB’s are being manufactured in much detail. Because modern high-speed designs require a lot of communication between the board designer and the PCB manufacturer. In the course “Lee Ritchey: Stackup Design” we go… Read more